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DPROFPP(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide DPROFPP(1)
NAME
dprofpp - display perl profile data
SYNOPSIS
dprofpp [-a|-z|-l|-v|-U] [-d] [-s|-r|-u] [-q] [-F] [-I|-E] [-O cnt]
[-A] [-R] [-S] [-g subroutine] [-G [-P]] [-f ] [pro-
file]
dprofpp -T [-F] [-g subroutine] [profile]
dprofpp -t [-F] [-g subroutine] [profile]
dprofpp -G [-P] [profile]
dprofpp -p script [-Q] [other opts]
dprofpp -V [profile]
DESCRIPTION
The dprofpp command interprets profile data produced by a profiler,
such as the Devel::DProf profiler. Dprofpp will read the file
tmon.out and will display the 15 subroutines which are using the most
time. By default the times for each subroutine are given exclusive of
the times of their child subroutines.
To profile a Perl script run the perl interpreter with the -d switch.
So to profile script test.pl with Devel::DProf the following command
should be used.
$ perl5 -d:DProf test.pl
Then run dprofpp to analyze the profile. The output of dprofpp
depends on the flags to the program and the version of Perl you're
using.
$ dprofpp -u
Total Elapsed Time = 1.67 Seconds
User Time = 0.61 Seconds
Exclusive Times
%Time Seconds #Calls sec/call Name
52.4 0.320 2 0.1600 main::foo
45.9 0.280 200 0.0014 main::bar
0.00 0.000 1 0.0000 DynaLoader::import
0.00 0.000 1 0.0000 main::baz
The dprofpp tool can also run the profiler before analyzing the pro-
file data. The above two commands can be executed with one dprofpp
command.
$ dprofpp -u -p test.pl
Consult "PROFILE FORMAT" in Devel::DProf for a description of the raw
profile.
OUTPUT
Columns are:
%Time
Percentage of time spent in this routine.
#Calls
Number of calls to this routine.
sec/call
Average number of seconds per call to this routine.
Name
Name of routine.
CumulS
Time (in seconds) spent in this routine and routines called from
it.
ExclSec
Time (in seconds) spent in this routine (not including those
called from it).
Csec/c
Average time (in seconds) spent in each call of this routine
(including those called from it).
OPTIONS
-a Sort alphabetically by subroutine names.
-d Reverse whatever sort is used
-A Count timing for autoloaded subroutine as timing for *::AUTOLOAD.
Otherwise the time to autoload it is counted as time of the sub-
routine itself (there is no way to separate autoload time from
run time).
This is going to be irrelevant with newer Perls. They will
inform "Devel::DProf" when the "AUTOLOAD" switches to actual sub-
routine, so a separate statistics for "AUTOLOAD" will be col-
lected no matter whether this option is set.
-R Count anonymous subroutines defined in the same package sepa-
rately.
-E (default) Display all subroutine times exclusive of child sub-
routine times.
-F Force the generation of fake exit timestamps if dprofpp reports
that the profile is garbled. This is only useful if dprofpp
determines that the profile is garbled due to missing exit times-
tamps. You're on your own if you do this. Consult the BUGS sec-
tion.
-I Display all subroutine times inclusive of child subroutine times.
-l Sort by number of calls to the subroutines. This may help iden-
tify candidates for inlining.
-O cnt
Show only cnt subroutines. The default is 15.
-p script
Tells dprofpp that it should profile the given script and then
interpret its profile data. See -Q.
-Q Used with -p to tell dprofpp to quit after profiling the script,
without interpreting the data.
-q Do not display column headers.
-r Display elapsed real times rather than user+system times.
-s Display system times rather than user+system times.
-T Display subroutine call tree to stdout. Subroutine statistics
are not displayed.
-t Display subroutine call tree to stdout. Subroutine statistics
are not displayed. When a function is called multiple consecu-
tive times at the same calling level then it is displayed once
with a repeat count.
-S Display merged subroutine call tree to stdout. Statistics are
displayed for each branch of the tree.
When a function is called multiple (not necessarily consecutive)
times in the same branch then all these calls go into one branch
of the next level. A repeat count is output together with com-
bined inclusive, exclusive and kids time.
Branches are sorted w.r.t. inclusive time.
-U Do not sort. Display in the order found in the raw profile.
-u Display user times rather than user+system times.
-V Print dprofpp's version number and exit. If a raw profile is
found then its XS_VERSION variable will be displayed, too.
-v Sort by average time spent in subroutines during each call. This
may help identify candidates for inlining.
-z (default) Sort by amount of user+system time used. The first few
lines should show you which subroutines are using the most time.
-g "subroutine"
Ignore subroutines except "subroutine" and whatever is called
from it.
-G
Aggregate "Group" all calls matching the pattern together. For
example this can be used to group all calls of a set of packages
-G "(package1::)|(package2::)|(package3::)"
or to group subroutines by name:
-G "getNum"
-P Used with -G to aggregate "Pull" together all calls that did not
match -G.
-f
Filter all calls matching the pattern.
ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable DPROFPP_OPTS can be set to a string contain-
ing options for dprofpp. You might use this if you prefer -I over -E
or if you want -F on all the time.
This was added fairly lazily, so there are some undesirable side
effects. Options on the commandline should override options in
DPROFPP_OPTS--but don't count on that in this version.
BUGS
Applications which call _exit() or exec() from within a subroutine
will leave an incomplete profile. See the -F option.
Any bugs in Devel::DProf, or any profiler generating the profile data,
could be visible here. See "BUGS" in Devel::DProf.
Mail bug reports and feature requests to the perl5-porters mailing
list at . Bug reports should include the out-
put of the -V option.
FILES
dprofpp - profile processor
tmon.out - raw profile
SEE ALSO
perl, Devel::DProf, times(2)
perl v5.8.5 2006-08-12 DPROFPP(1)
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