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PAMTOJPEG2K Updated: 27 October 2002 Table Of Contents NAME pamtojpeg2k - convert PAM/PNM image to a JPEG-2000 code stream SYNOPSIS pamtojpeg2k [-imgareatlx=column] [-imgareatly=row] [-tile- grdtlx=column] [-tilegrdtly=row] [-tilewidth=columns] [-tile- height=rows] [-prcwidth=columns] [-prcheight=rows] [-cblk- width=columns] [-cblkheight=rows] [-mode={integer|int|real}] [-compres- sion=ratio] [-ilyrrates=ratestring] [-numr- lvls=number] [-progression={lrcp|rlcp|rpcl|pcrl|cprl}][-numgbits=num- ber][-nomct][-sop] [-eph] [-lazy] [-termall] [-segsym] [-vcausal] [-pterm] [-resetprob] [-verbose] [-debuglevel=number] filename Minimum unique abbreviation of option is acceptable. You may use double hypens instead of single hyphen to denote options. You may use white space in place of the equals sign to separate an option name from its value. DESCRIPTION This program is part of Netpbm. pamtojpeg2k converts the named PBM, PGM, PPM, or PAM file, or Standard Input if no file is named, to a JPEG-2000 code stream file on Stan- dard Output. The JPEG-2000 specification specifies two different formats: JP2 and JPEG-2000 code stream (JPC). JP2 represents a visual im- age quite specifically, whereas JPC is a more or less arbitrary array of codes. The JPC image that pamtojpeg2k produces is very similar to a JP2 if the input is a PBM, PGM, or PPM image or equivalent PAM image. One differ- ence is that that RGB intensity values in a JP2 are SRGB values, while pamtojpeg2k produces ITU Rec 709 values. Those are very similar, but not identical. Another difference is that a JP2 can contain extra information about an image that JPC cannot. When the input is a PAM image other than a PBM, PGM, or PPM equivalent, the JPC raster produced contains whatever the PAM raster does. It can have any number of planes with any meanings; the planes are in the same order in the JPC output as in the PAM input. A JPC image has a "precision," which is the number of bits used for each code (in Netpbm lingo, "sample"). Actually, it has a separate precision for each component. pamtojpeg2k uses for the precision of every component the least number of bits that can represent the maxval of the in- put image. A JPC image does not have an independent concept of maxval; the max- val of a JPC sample is the maximum value that the number of bits speci- fied by the precision can represent in pure binary code. E.g. if the pre- cision is 4, the maxval is 15. pamtojpeg2k does of course scale the sample val- ues from the input maxval to the output maxval. Example: The input maxval is 99. This means JPC precision is 7 bits and the JPC maxval is 127. A sample value of 33 in the input becomes a sample value of 43 in the output. pamtojpeg2k generates the JPC output with the Jasper JPEG-2000 library. See documentation of the library for details on what pamtojpeg2k produces. Note that the Jasper library contains facilities for reading PNM images, but pamtojpeg2k does not use those. It uses the Netpbm library in- stead. Note that the makers of the Jasper library write it "JasPer," but Netpbm documentation follows standard American English typography rules, which don't allow that kind of capitalization. Use jpeg2ktopam to convert in the other direction. The program jasper, which is packaged with the Jasper JPEG-2000 library, also converts between JPEG-2000 and PNM formats. Because it's packaged with the library, it may exploit it better, especially recently added features. However, since it does not use the Netpbm library to read and write the Netpbm formats, it doesn't do as good a job on that side. OPTIONS Most of the options are identical in name and function to op- tions that the Jasper library JPC encoder subroutine takes. See Jasper docu- mentation for details. Here, we document only options that are not direct analogs of Jasper options. -compression=ratio ratio is a floating point number that specifies the compression ratio. pamtojpeg2k will adjust quality as necessary to ensure that you get this compression ratio. E.g. 4 means the output will be about one fourth the size in bytes of the input file. The compression ratio must be at least 1. The default is 1, which means the output has all the quality of the input -- the conversion is lossless. Note that though Jasper library takes a compression factor, this option specifies a compression ratio. The compression factor is the multiplicative inverse of (1 divided by) the compres- sion ratio. -verbose This option causes pamtojpeg2k to issue informational messages about the conversion process. -debuglevel=number This option controls debug messages from the Jasper library. pamtojpeg2k passes number as the debug level to the Jasper JPC encoder. EXAMPLES This example compresses losslessly. pamtojpeg2k myimg.ppm >myimg.jpc jpeg2ktopam will recreate myimg.ppm exactly. This example compresses the file to one tenth its original size, throwing away information as necessary. pamtojpeg2k -compression=10 myimg.pgm >myimg.jpc ABOUT JPEG-2000 JPEG-2000 is a format that compresses a visual image (or a similar set of data) into a minimal number of bytes for storage or transmis- sion. In that, its goal is similar to JPEG. It has two main differences from JPEG. One difference is that it does a much better job on most im- ages of throwing out information in order to achieve a smaller output. That means when you reconstruct the image from the resulting compressed file, it looks a lot closer to the image you started with with JPEG-2000 than with JPEG, for the same compressed file size. Or, looked at another way, with JPEG-2000 you get a much smaller file than with JPEG for the same image quality. The second difference is that with JPEG-2000, you decide how much compression you want and the compressor adjusts the quality to meet your requirement, whereas with JPEG, you decide how much quality you want and the compressor adjusts the size of the output to meet your re- quirement. I.e. with JPEG-2000, the quality of the result depends on the com- pressibility of the input, but with JPEG, the size of the result de- pends on the compressibility of the input. With JPEG-2000, you can specify lossless compression, thus making it compete with GIF and PNG. With standard JPEG, you always lose some- thing. (There are rumored to be variations of JPEG around that are lossless, though). JPEG is much older than JPEG-2000 and far more popular. JPEG is one of the half dozen most popular graphics formats and virtually all graphics facilities understand it. JPEG-2000 is virtually unknown. There is no compatibility between JPEG and JPEG-2000. Programs that read JPEG do not automatically read JPEG-2000 and vice versa. SEE ALSO jpeg2ktopam, pnmtopeg, ppm, pgm, pbm, pam, History pamtojpeg2k was added to Netpbm in Release 10.12 (November 2002). _________________________________________________________________ Table Of Contents * SYNOPSIS * DESCRIPTION * OPTIONS * EXAMPLES * ABOUT JPEG-2000 * SEE ALSO
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