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				  pnmtofiasco

   Updated: July 12, 2000
   Table Of Contents

NAME

   pnmtofiasco - Convert PNM file to FIASCO compressed file

SYNOPSIS

   pnmtofiasco [option]... [filename]...

DESCRIPTION

   This	 program  is  part  of Netpbm. pnmtofiasco compresses the
named pbm, pgm,
   or ppm image files, or Standard Input if no file is named, and
produces a
   FIASCO file on Standard Output.

OPTIONS

   All	option	names may be abbreviated; for example, --optimize
may be written
   --optim or --opt. For most options a one letter  short  option
is provided.
   Mandatory  or optional arguments to long options are mandatory
or optional
   for short options, too. Both short and long options	are  case
sensitive.

   The basic options are:
   -i name, --input-name=name
	  Compress  the named images, not Standard Input. If name
is -, read
	  Standard Input. name has to be either an image filename
or a template
	  of the form: prefix[start-end{+,-}step]suffix

	  Templates  are  useful  when compressing video streams:
e.g., if you
	  specify the template img0[12-01-2].pgm, then pnmtofias-
co compresses
	  the images img012.pgm, img010.pgm, ..., img002.pgm.
	  If  name  is	a relative path, pnmtofiasco searches for
the image files
	  in  the  current directory and in the (colon-separated)
list of
	  directories  given  by  the  environment variable FIAS-
CO_IMAGES.
   -o output-file, --output-name=name
	  Write FIASCO output to the named file, not to	 Standard
Output.
	  If name is a relative path and the environment variable
FIASCO_DATA
	  is a (colon-separated) list of  directories,	then  pn-
mtofiasco writes
	  the  output  file  to the first (writable) directory of
this list.
	  Otherwise, pnmtofiasco write it to the current directo-
ry.
   -q N, --quality=N
	  Set  quality	of compression to N. Quality is 1 (worst)
to 100 (best);
	  default is 20.
   -v, --version
	  Print pnmtofiasco version number, then exit.
   -V N, --verbose N
	  Set level of verbosity to N. Level is 0 (no  output  at
all), 1 (show
	  progress   meter),  or  2  (show  detailed  compression
statistics); default
	  is 1.
   -B N, --progress-meter N
	  Set type of progress-meter to N.  The	 following  types
are available;
	  default is 1:

	0
		no progress meter

	1
		RPM style progress bar using 50 hash marks

	2
		percentage meter

   -f name, --config=name
	  Load	parameter  file name to initialize the options of
pnmtofiasco.
	  See file system.fiascorc for an example of the  syntax.
Options of
	  pnmtofiasco are set by any of the following methods (in
the specified
	  order):
	 1. Global resource file /etc/system.fiascorc
	 2. $HOME/.fiascorc
	 3. command line
	 4. --config=name
   -h, --info
	  Print brief help, then exit.
   -H, --help
	  Print detailed help, then exit.

   The options for advanced users are:

   -b name, --basis-name=name
	  Preload compression basis name into FIASCO.  The  basis
name provides
	  the  initial	compression dictionary. Either use one of
the files
	  "small.fco", "medium.fco",  or  "large.fco"  that  come
with pnmtofiasco
	  or create a new ASCII basis file.

   -z N, --optimize=N
	  Set  optimization level to N. Level is 0 (fastest) to 3
(slowest);
	  default is 1. Be warned, the encoding time dramatically
increased
	  when	N=2 or N=3 while the compression performance only
slightly
	  improves.

   -P, --prediction
	  Use additional predictive coding. If this  optimization
is enabled
	  then the image is compressed in two steps. In the first
step, a
	  coarse approximation of the  image  is  computed  using
large unichrome
	  blocks.  Finally,  the  delta image is computed and the
prediction error
	  is approximated using the standard FIASCO algorithm.

   -D N, --dictionary-size=N
	  Set size of dictionary that is used when coding the lu-
minance band to
	  N;  default  is  10000, i.e., the dictionary is not re-
stricted.

   -C N, --chroma-dictionary=N
	  Set size of dictionary that is used when coding  chroma
bands to N;
	  default is 40.

   -Q N, --chroma-qfactor=N
	  Reduce  the  quality of chroma band compression N-times
with respect to
	  the  user  defined  quality q	 of  the  luminance  band
compression
	  (--quality=q); default is 2.

   -t N, --tiling-exponent=N
	  Subdivide  the  image	 into 2^N tiles prior coding; de-
fault is 4, i.e.
	  the image is subdivided into 16 tiles.  The  processing
order of the
	  individual  tiles  is	 defined  by the option --tiling-
method=name.

   -T name, --tiling-method=name
	  Order the individual image tiles (the image  is  subdi-
vided into; see
	  option  --tiling-exponent=N) by method name; default is
desc-variance.

	desc-variance
		Tiles with small variances are processed first.

	asc-variance
		Tiles with large variances are processed first.

	desc-spiral
		Tiles are process in spiral order starting in the
middle.

	asc-spiral
		Tiles are process in spiral order starting at the
border.

   --rpf-mantissa=N
	  Use N mantissa bits for quantized coefficients.

   --dc-rpf-mantissa=N
	  Use N mantissa bits for quantized DC coefficients.

   --rpf-range=N
	  Coefficients outside the quantization interval  [-N,+N]
are set to
	  zero.

   --dc-rpf-range=N
	  DC   coefficients  outside  the  quantization	 interval
[-N,+N] are set to
	  zero.

   Additional options for video compression are

   -s N, --smooth=N
	  Smooth decompressed reference frames along  the  parti-
tioning borders
	  by  the  given  amount N. N is 0 (no smoothing) to 100;
default is 70.
	  This factor is stored in the FIASCO file.

   -m N, --min-level=N
	  Start	 prediction  (motion  compensated  prediction  or
additional
	  prediction)	on  block  level  N;  default is level 6.
I.e., motion
	  compensation is applied to all image blocks of at least
8x8 pixels
	  (binary  tree level N=6), 16x8 (N=7), 16x16 (N=8), etc.

   -M N, --max-level=N
	  Stop	prediction  (motion   compensated  prediction  or
additional
	  prediction)  on  block  level	 N;  default is level 10.
I.e., motion
	  compensation is applied to all image blocks of at  most
16x16 pixels
	  (N=8), 32x16 (N=9), 32x32 (N=10), etc.

   -2, --half-pixel
	  Use half pixel precise motion compensation.

   -F N, --fps=N
	  Set  number  of  frames  per second to N. This value is
stored in the
	  FIASCO output file and is used in the	 decoder  fiasco-
topnm to control
	  the framerate.

   -p type, --pattern=type
	  Defines  the	type  of  inter	 frame	compression which
should be applied
	  to  individual  frames of a video stream. type is a se-
quence of
	  characters;  default is "IPPPPPPPPP". Element N defines
the type of
	  predicting which should be used for frame N; the  frame
type pattern
	  is periodically extended. Valid characters are:

	I
		intra  frame, i.e., no motion compensated predic-
tion is used at
		all.

	P
		predicted frame, i.e., a previously encoded frame
is used for
		prediction (forward prediction).

	B
		bidirectional  predicted  frame, i.e., not only a
previously
		shown  frame  but  also a frame of the future  is
used for
		prediction  (forward,  backward	 or  interpolated
prediction).

   --cross-B-search
	  Instead of using exhaustive search the "Cross-B-Search"
algorithm is
	  used	to  find  the  best interpolated prediction of B-
frames.

   --B-as-past-ref
	  Also use previously encoded  B-frames	 when  prediction
the current
	  frame.  If this option is not set, only I- and P-frames
are used to
	  predict the current frame.



EXAMPLES

   Compress  the  still	 image	"foo.ppm"  to  the  FIASCO   file
"foo.wfa" using the
   default options:
	pnmtofiasco < foo.ppm >foo.wfa

   Compress  the  video	 frames	 "foo0*.ppm"  to  the FIASCO file
"video.wfa" using
   half pixel precise motion compensation at a frame rate  of  15
frames per
   second.  Intra  frame 1 is used to predict P-frame 4, frames 1
and 4 are used
   to predict B-frames 2 and 3, and so on. Frame 10 is	again  an
intra-frame.
	pnmtofiasco  -2	 -p  "IBBPBBPBB"  -fps	15  -o	video.wfa
foo0*.ppm



FILES

   /etc/system.fiascorc
	  The systemwide initialization file.
   $HOME/.fiascorc
	  The personal initialization file.



ENVIRONMENT

   FIASCO_IMAGES
	  Search path for image files. Default is "./".
   FIASCO_DATA
	  Search and save path for FIASCO files. Default is "./".



SEE ALSO

   fiascotopnm, ppmtojpeg, pnmtojbig, ppmtogif, pnm

   Ullrich  Hafner,  Juergen  Albert,  Stefan  Frank, and Michael
Unger. Weighted
   Finite Automata for Video Compression, IEEE Journal on Select-
ed Areas In
   Communications, January 1998

   Ullrich  Hafner.  Low  Bit-Rate  Image  and	Video Coding with
Weighted Finite
   Automata,  Ph.D.  thesis,   Mensch	&   Buch   Verlag,   ISBN
3-89820-002-7, October
   1999.

AUTHOR

   Ullrich Hafner 
     _________________________________________________________________



Table Of Contents

     * NAME
     * SYNOPSIS
     * DESCRIPTION
     * OPTIONS
     * EXAMPLES
     * FILES
     * ENVIRONMENT
     * SEE ALSO
     * AUTHOR
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