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TROFF(1) TROFF(1)
NAME
troff - the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
SYNOPSIS
troff [ -abcivzCERU ] [ -dcs ] [ -ffam ] [ -Fdir ] [ -mname ]
[ -Mdir ] [ -nnum ] [ -olist ] [ -rcn ] [ -Tname ] [ -wname ]
[ -Wname ] [ files... ]
It is possible to have whitespace between a command line option and
its parameter.
DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the GNU version of troff. It is part of
the groff document formatting system. It is functionally compatible
with UNIX troff, but has many extensions, see groff_diff(7). Usually
it should be invoked using the groff(1) command which will also run
preprocessors and postprocessors in the appropriate order and with the
appropriate options.
OPTIONS
-a Generate an ASCII approximation of the typeset output.
-b Print a backtrace with each warning or error message. This
backtrace should help track down the cause of the error.
The line numbers given in the backtrace may not always be
correct, for troff's idea of line numbers gets confused by
as or am requests.
-c Disable color output (always disabled in compatibility
mode).
-C Enable compatibility mode.
-dcs
-dname=s Define c or name to be a string s; c must be a one letter
name.
-E Inhibit all error messages of troff. Note that this doesn't
affect messages output to standard error by macro packages
using the tm or tm1 requests.
-ffam Use fam as the default font family.
-Fdir Search in directory (or directory path) dir for subdirecto-
ries devname (name is the name of the device) and there for
the DESC file and font files. dir is scanned before all
other font directories.
-i Read the standard input after all the named input files have
been processed.
-mname Read in the file name.tmac. If it isn't found, try
tmac.name instead. It will be first searched for in direc-
tories given with the -M command line option, then in direc-
tories given in the GROFF_TMAC_PATH environment variable,
then in the current directory (only if in unsafe mode), the
home directory, /usr/lib/groff/site-tmac,
/usr/share/groff/site-tmac, and
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac.
-Mdir Search directory (or directory path) dir for macro files.
This is scanned before all other macro directories.
-nnum Number the first page num.
-olist Output only pages in list, which is a comma-separated list
of page ranges; n means print page n, m-n means print every
page between m and n, -n means print every page up to n, n-
means print every page from n. troff will exit after print-
ing the last page in the list.
-rcn
-rname=n Set number register c or name to n; c must be a one charac-
ter name; n can be any troff numeric expression.
-R Don't load troffrc and troffrc-end.
-Tname Prepare output for device name, rather than the default ps.
-U Unsafe mode. This will enable the following requests: open,
opena, pso, sy, and pi. For security reasons, these poten-
tially dangerous requests are disabled otherwise. It will
also add the current directory to the macro search path.
-v Print the version number.
-wname Enable warning name. Available warnings are described in
the section WARNINGS below. For example, to enable all
warnings, use -w all. Multiple -w options are allowed.
-Wname Inhibit warning name. Multiple -W options are allowed.
-z Suppress formatted output.
WARNINGS
The warnings that can be given by troff are divided into the following
categories. The name associated with each warning is used by the -w
and -W options; the number is used by the warn request, and by the
.warn register; it is always a power of 2 to allow bitwise composi-
tion.
+---------------------+----------------------------+
|Bit Code Warning | Bit Code Warning |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| 0 1 char | 10 1024 reg |
| 1 2 number | 11 2048 tab |
| 2 4 break | 12 4096 right-brace |
| 3 8 delim | 13 8192 missing |
| 4 16 el | 14 16384 input |
| 5 32 scale | 15 32768 escape |
| 6 64 range | 16 65536 space |
| 7 128 syntax | 17 131072 font |
| 8 256 di | 18 262144 ig |
| 9 512 mac | 19 524288 color |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
break 4 In fill mode, lines which could not be broken so
that their length was less than the line length.
This is enabled by default.
char 1 Non-existent characters. This is enabled by
default.
color 524288 Color related warnings.
delim 8 Missing or mismatched closing delimiters.
di 256 Use of di or da without an argument when there is
no current diversion.
el 16 Use of the el request with no matching ie request.
escape 32768 Unrecognized escape sequences. When an unrecog-
nized escape sequence is encountered, the escape
character is ignored.
font 131072 Non-existent fonts. This is enabled by default.
ig 262144 Invalid escapes in text ignored with the ig
request. These are conditions that are errors
when they do not occur in ignored text.
input 16384 Invalid input characters.
mac 512 Use of undefined strings, macros and diversions.
When an undefined string, macro or diversion is
used, that string is automatically defined as
empty. So, in most cases, at most one warning
will be given for each name.
missing 8192 Requests that are missing non-optional arguments.
number 2 Invalid numeric expressions. This is enabled by
default.
range 64 Out of range arguments.
reg 1024 Use of undefined number registers. When an unde-
fined number register is used, that register is
automatically defined to have a value of 0. So,
in most cases, at most one warning will be given
for use of a particular name.
right-brace 4096 Use of \} where a number was expected.
scale 32 Meaningless scaling indicators.
space 65536 Missing space between a request or macro and its
argument. This warning will be given when an
undefined name longer than two characters is
encountered, and the first two characters of the
name make a defined name. The request or macro
will not be invoked. When this warning is given,
no macro is automatically defined. This is
enabled by default. This warning will never occur
in compatibility mode.
syntax 128 Dubious syntax in numeric expressions.
tab 2048 Inappropriate use of a tab character. Either use
of a tab character where a number was expected, or
use of tab character in an unquoted macro argu-
ment.
There are also names that can be used to refer to groups of warnings:
all All warnings except di, mac, and reg. It is intended that this
covers all warnings that are useful with traditional macro
packages.
w All warnings.
ENVIRONMENT
GROFF_TMAC_PATH
A colon separated list of directories in which to search for
macro files. troff will scan directories given in the -M
option before these, and in standard directories (current
directory if in unsafe mode, home directory,
/usr/lib/groff/site-tmac, /usr/share/groff/site-tmac,
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac) after these.
GROFF_TYPESETTER
Default device.
GROFF_FONT_PATH
A colon separated list of directories in which to search for
the devname directory. troff will scan directories given in
the -F option before these, and in standard directories
(/usr/share/groff/site-font, /usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font,
/usr/lib/font) after these.
FILES
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/troffrc
Initialization file (called before any other macro package).
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/troffrc-end
Initialization file (called after any other macro package).
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/name.tmac
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/tmac/tmac.name
Macro files
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/DESC
Device description file for device name.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/F
Font file for font F of device name.
Note that troffrc and troffrc-end are neither searched in the current
nor in the home directory by default for security reasons (even if the
-U option is given). Use the -M command line option or the
GROFF_TMAC_PATH environment variable to add these directories to the
search path if necessary.
AUTHOR
Copyright (C) 1989, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Doc-
umentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received a
copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the
GNU copyleft site ?http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html?. This docu-
ment was written by James Clark, with modifications from Werner Lem-
berg ?wl@gnu.org? and Bernd Warken ?bwarken@mayn.de?
This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution.
SEE ALSO
groff(1)
The main program of the groff system, a wrapper around troff.
groff(7)
A description of the groff language, including a short but com-
plete reference of all predefined requests, registers, and
escapes of plain groff. From the command line, this is called
by
man 7 groff
groff_diff(7)
The differences of the groff language and the classical troff
language. Currently, this is the most actual document of the
groff system.
roff(7)
An overview over groff and other roff systems, including point-
ers to further related documentation.
The groff info file, cf. info(1), presents all groff documentation
within a single document.
Groff Version 1.18.1.1 16 September 2002 TROFF(1)
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